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PetrobrasRefining: transforming oil into products

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FénixEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Techno-economic analysis of a

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Comparison between refinery processes

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spglobalPetrobras refinery expansion in Brazil to focus on ULSD,

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globalflowcontrolPetrobras Advances with Upgrading and Expansion of RNEST

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oilsandsdevelopers.caOil Sands Developers Group The Upgrading Process

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John A. Dutton e-Education InstitutePaths for Upgrading Heavy Oil FSC 432: Petroleum Refining

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RBN EnergyComplex Refining 101 Part 2 Upgrading RBN Energy

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bge.globalWhat is Modular Refining BGE Global

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cer-rec.gc.caMarket Snapshot: A tour of Canada’s oil sands

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  • Which process is used to upgrade crude oil?
  • Catalytic or hydrogen addition high-severity processes can be mainly used for full upgrading crude oil, while carbon rejection, ultrasound and solvent extraction can be applied for partial upgrading crude oil to transport. Hydrogen addition working at moderate severity can also be used for partial upgrading.
  • Why is heavy crude oil so difficult to upgrade?
  • The complex nature of heavy oil characterized by high viscosity, low H/C ratio, and a high content of asphaltene, sulfur, nitrogen, and metals, makes this endeavor challenging. consequently, there are obstacles hindering the upgrading of heavy crude oil and affecting its marketability.
  • What technologies are used to upgrade heavy crude & residue oil?
  • Many technologies have been developed and proposed for upgrading heavy crude and residue oil over the years. Such technologies comprise processes founded on carbon rejection, the addition of hydrogen, and a combination of the two, with the latter exhibiting a greater level of commercial viability in the past (Speight, 2006).
  • Why is upgrading heavy oil important for fossil fuel industry?
  • Upgrading heavy oil is a subject of high importance for fossil fuel industry due to the rapid depletion of light oil reservoirs and the consequent increased demand for upgrading heavy oil.
  • What is catalytic in-situ upgrading of heavy and extra-heavy crude oil?
  • Catalytic In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils provides a comprehensive introduction to these processes. It introduces the properties and characteristics of heavy and extra-heavy oil before discussing different catalysts and catalyzing processes, their mechanisms and underlying physics, and more.
  • Which oil refinery is implementing HCAT heavy oil upgrading technology?
  • Recently HTIG has announced that Neste Oil Corporation's Porvoo Refinery at South Jordan, Utah, is the first refinery to commercially implement Headwater's HCAT heavy oil upgrading technology. During 2011 Neste Oil and HTI completed a 40-day commercial test at the Porvoo refinery.