when oil is not enough sino-saudi relations and vision 2030 in Congo

Key Findings ¡ The expansion of the Sino-Saudi bilateral relation-ship has been a result of mutual interests, an evolv-ing strategic landscape, and the complementary nature of policy initiatives,

Dr. Foley delivered a paper, "When Oil is Not Enough: Sino-Saudi Ties and Vision 2030" to a conference at Shanghai International Studies University in Shanghai, China. The

By contrast, this article argues that Sino-Saudi ties deserve an alternative approach. While it recognizes the role of oil and energy in the bilateral relationship, it argues that the Sino-Saudi relationship in the future will be

The Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies published Dr. Foley’s Article on China-Saudi Ties: “When Oil is Not Enough: Sino-Saudi Ties and Vision 2030.” This paper

Key findings The expansion of the Sino-Saudi bilateral relationship has been a result of mutual interests, an evolving strategic landscape, and the complementary nature of policy initiatives, namely China’s Belt and Road

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Abstract: This paper explores how cultural developments help us to better understand Sino-Saudi ties in the 21st century, Saudi “Vision 2030”, and China’s “One Belt and One Road Initiative”

By contrast, this article argues that Sino-Saudi ties deserve an alternative approach. While it recognizes the role of oil and energy in the bilateral relationship, it argues that the Sino-Saudi

Saudi Vision 2030 — It is evident that from decades, Saudi Arabia ’s economy is heavily dependent on oil resources. No doubt this commodity has helped in shaping the economic policies, government revenues and global influence. Oil exports

Foreign relations of Saudi Arabia are the diplomatic and trade relations between Saudi Arabia and other countries around the world. The foreign

The Saudi 2030 Vision and China’s One Belt One Road initiative may further cement the bond. Yet the obvious improvement of the Sino-Iranian relationship and Chinese support of the Syrian regime could negatively affect the Sino-Saudi rapport.

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Saudi Arabia has been almost entirely dependent on the revenue earned from oil exports since oil was first discovered in the

Saudi Vision 2030 also aims to promote further downstream oil investment by Saudi Aramco in a variety of markets, especially the growing Chinese market (“Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, Oil Policy” 10). These investments have the potential to benefit both Saudi Arabia and China and to further strengthen their energy and economic relationship.

In a report in May 2025, researcher Chen wrote that China’s BRI and Saudi Vision 2030 have natural synergies as BRI’s strategic goal is to improve infrastructural and logistical links and stimulate trade and investment activities, while Saudi Vision 2030 aims to build a diversified economy that does not rely on petroleum.

Since entering China in the 1980s, SABIC has been constantly expanding its local footprint, forging collaborations with local partners, and driving the strategic synergies between Saudi's Vision 2030 and China's Belt and Road initiative.

For Saudi Arabia, this also represents an opportunity to break away from a singular identity as an oil giant. Vision 2030 is all about

Saudi Vision 2030 is probably the most ambitious plan of human development, social transformation and economic growth ever made. If realised, the project could have a significant impact on the distribution of power in the international system, speeding up

Saudi-China relations and Vision 2030 These developments within Saudi Arabia are not happening in isolation. They are a critical component of the

China has aligned its cooperation model with Saudi Arabia’s own priorities, most notably since the kingdom unveiled its Vision 2030.